Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution

The purpose of this book is to examine the Sinhala - Tamil ethnic crisis in Sri Lanka and to contribute towards a democratic process to resolve it. The book has five chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the ethnic crisis and civil war in Sri Lanka. The second chapter gives a detailed account of the historic background to the crisis. It takes the reader through three phases of Sri Lankan history: pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. It is useful for the reader to know the historic background of the crisis to fully understand its present complexities. The third chapter identifies the root cause of the crisis and explains 10 factors that have contributed to its escalation into a separatist war since independence in 1948. The fourth chapter stresses the importance of having an altogether new political beginning for Sri Lanka as a multi-ethnic, independent nation. It perhaps encapsulates the purpose of this book to suggest a way out of the crisis and work towards a solution. This chapter also discusses the varied governing systems developed in other democracies in the world, and proposes a new democratic governing model for Sri Lanka. The model addresses the ethnic issues in Sri Lanka and formulates a way to establish genuine democracy in the country, giving the power of self-determination to all its peoples. Further, this chapter explains how the country may be able to implement such a new model of democratic governance within its present political climate. The fifth and final chapter calls upon all Sri Lankans to take up the challenge of being part of the central decision making process in making their country a place fit to live in for all. The specific subjects discussed under the five chapters are listed in the Table of Contents below.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS.

Acknowledgements
About the author
Foreword
Acronyms.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER 2: HISTORIC BACKGROUND.

Pre-Colonial Era.

Early Settlers
Sinhalese-Buddhist Identity
Advanced Hydraulic Civilisation
South Indian Invasions
Demise of Hydraulic Civilisation
Three Kingdoms, Two Sinhalese and One Tamil.

Colonial Era.

European Colonisation
The Kandyan Convention
Three Separate Administrations
Uva-Vellassa Rebellion
A Unified Administrative System
Matale Rebellion
Communal Representation
Buddhist Revival and Transformation
Talks on Constitutional Reforms
Proposals for Federalism
Constitutional Changes Implemented.

Post-Colonial Era.

A Two-Party System
A Language Fiasco
The Emergence of the LTTE
A Separatist War & Peace Talks.

CHAPTER 3: PRESENT PARANOIA.

Unwinnable War
Root Cause
Colonial Inheritance
National Disintegration
Non-secularism
Unreal Expectations
Marxists' Role
Racism Among Leaders
Escalation of Mistrust
Adding a New Problem
Democracy Betrayed
Unbuddhist Influence of Some Buddhist Monks
Ultimate Awakening.

CHAPTER 4: A NEW BEGINNING.

Recognize and Accept Diversity
Service to Buddhism
Equality of Languages
The Concept of Homeland
The Adivasis
Citizenship
Democracy
Democratic Models Developed Elsewhere
A New Democratic Model for Sri Lanka
Process for Change.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.

APPENDIX.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY.

INDEX.

List of Maps
The Kandyan Kingdom 1658 - 1815
Sri Lanka: Provincial Boundaries
Sri Lanka: District Boundaries

List of Tables
Sri Lanka: Population Distribution
Population by Ethnic Groups
Population by Religion
Five-Year Unified Election Strategy

List of Charts
Sri Lankan History: Pre-Colonial Era
Sri Lankan History: Colonial Era
The Three Levels of Government
The Central Government
The Regional Government

ISBN 1-55369-793-6

 

2008-2009 © R.B. Herath